Who is recognized as the first modern director in theatre history?

The first modern director in theatre history is recognized as George II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. He is celebrated for his revolutionary approach to directing that laid the groundwork for contemporary practices in theatre. His influence began in the late 19th century when he emphasized the importance of ensemble acting, detailed historical accuracy in set design and costumes, and a strong focus on the overall vision of the production rather than merely the playwright's words.

George II's method involved meticulous planning and coordination of the entire production, from the actors’ performances to the visual elements, creating a cohesive artistic experience that had never been seen before. His company was also known for performing the same play multiple times to perfect the production, signifying a professional commitment to excellence that further distinguished him as a modern director.

The other individuals mentioned, while significant in their own rights, do not share the same historical significance in the development of directing as a recognized discipline.