Which Chinese-born dramatist wrote in secrecy under Mao Zedong?

Gao Xingjian is the correct answer because he is a renowned Chinese-born playwright, novelist, and critic who faced significant political pressure during Mao Zedong's rule in China. His work often critiqued the political environment and was not conducive to the restrictions imposed by the government during that time. As a result, many of his writings were conducted in secrecy, and he lived in exile for much of his later life to escape censorship and persecution.

Gao's ability to express his thoughts and bring to light the struggles faced by individuals under a repressive regime showcases the importance of artistic freedom and the deeply personal nature of his plays, which reflect both his experiences and philosophical inquiries. His literary contributions earned him the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2000, further emphasizing the significance of his work in the context of world literature and politics.

In contrast, the other figures mentioned do not share the same background of writing in secrecy during the Maoist era. David Mamet is an American playwright known for his distinct style and is not associated with Chinese literature or political censorship. Lin Cheng and Wang Shuo, while significant figures in Chinese literature, are not as closely linked to the theme of clandestine writing under Mao Zedong's regime.